Learning marginal-cost pricing via a trial-and-error procedure with day-to-day flow dynamics

This paper investigates the convergence of the trial-and-error procedure to achieve the system optimum by incorporating the day-to-day evolution of traffic flows. The path flows are assumed to follow an ‘excess travel cost dynamics’ and evolve from disequilibrium states to the equilibrium day by day. This implies that the observed link flow pattern during the trial-and-error procedure is in disequilibrium. By making certain assumptions on the flow evolution dynamics, we prove that the trial-and-error procedure is capable of learning the system optimum link tolls without requiring explicit knowledge of the demand functions and flow evolution mechanism. A methodology is developed for updating the toll charges and choosing the inter-trial periods to ensure convergence of the iterative approach towards the system optimum. Numerical examples are given in support of the theoretical findings.     

Adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: Influence from neighbors,family and coworkers

During the last years, many governments have set targets for increasing the share of biofuels in the transportation sector. Understanding consumer behavior is essential in designing policies that efficiently increase the uptake of cleaner technologies. In this paper we analyze adopters and non-adopters of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). We use diffusion of innovation theory and the established notion that the social system and interpersonal influence play important roles in adoption. Based on a nationwide database of car owners we analyze interpersonal influence on adoption from three social domains: neighbors, family and coworkers. The results point primarily at a neighbor effect in that AFV adoption is more likely if neighbors also have adopted. The results also point at significant effects of interpersonal influence from coworkers and family members but these effects weaken or disappear when income, education level, marriage, age, gender and green party votes are controlled for. The results extend the diffusion of innovation and AFV literature with empirical support for interpersonal influence based on objective data where response bias is not a factor. Implications for further research, environmental and transport policy, and practitioners are discussed.     

加强航海人员VTS意识的必要性

文中首先阐述了VTS的重要性,为进一步发挥VTS作用,提出了加强航海人员VTS意识的必要性,并结合案例进一步论证航海人员VTS意识的重要性,最后结合国际公约及国家的相关规则,对现有航海人员的培训提出细化及增添的建议,提出了通过岸基管理、航海人员的培训及港口国监督等方法来提升航海人员的VTS意识。     

调距桨桨叶连接螺栓过渡圆角光弹性试验研究

苛刻的空间尺寸要求和严酷的使用环境使得调距桨桨叶连接螺栓设计极为重要,为研究连接螺栓螺帽螺杆圆角过渡区域因截面形状突变存在的应力集中情况和应力分布规律,以某型调距桨桨叶连接螺栓联接组件作为试验模型,采用光弹性试验方法测得其应力分布和应力集中系数,并与有限元仿真分析结果进行了对比验证,为桨叶连接螺栓组件结构设计及其优化提供重要支撑。     

“天鲲”号超大型自航绞吸挖泥船总体设计技术

结合国内外超大型绞吸挖泥船的特点和发展趋势,对我国自主研发设计的"天鲲"号超大型自航绞吸挖泥船的船型、主尺度和总布置等总体设计要点进行详细论述,形成了大型绞吸式挖泥船船型论证分析的总体思路,为超大型自航绞吸式挖泥船的总体设计提供参考,提升了国内整体绞吸船的设计和建造水平。     

新冠肺炎疫情对民航的影响分析与政策建议

为给政府制定应对策略提供决策支持，基于航班运行数据分析了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对民航造成的影响。通过分析2003年“非典”和新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对民航影响的差异，基于情景假设对2020年民航运输发展形势进行了预测分析，并提出有关政策建议。研究结果表明：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对民航市场需求造成了严重的冲击，2020年民航运输形势不容乐观，预计年旅客运输量同比基本持平或下降10.9%。政府部门需在做好疫情防控期间运输保障工作的同时，加快出台积极的产业政策以支撑民航发展。     

基于CAD2AME的飞机液压系统流阻计算方法

飞机液压系统包含泵源系统、管路系统、附件和用户系统,飞机管路系统是飞机泵源和用户之间的纽带,液压管路流阻特性决定了用户系统入口的压力和流量,影响用户动静态响应性能,特别是对一些伺服作动系统。传统流阻特性计算方法主要针对稳态工况计算,难以实现动态响应计算,且对工作人员要求高、计算工作量大。随着全三维设计应用于飞机液压管路系统设计制造,为基于计算机的流阻特性仿真分析提供了可能。本文介绍和对比了三种计算方法,选取了较优的CAD2AME方法对某飞机局部液压管路系统流阻特性进行仿真分析,证明该方法可快速准确的对飞机液压管路进行分析。     

Are young Americans carless across the United States? A spatial analysis

This study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to investigate the most recent correlates of vehicle ownership among young Americans. This study performs a spatial analysis to examine the potentially non-stationary relationships between sociodemographic factors and vehicle ownership. Consistent with previous studies, modeling results from this study showed that young Americans are more likely to be carless than older adults. The spatial analysis answers the research question – in which regions(s) young Americans are even less likely to have a car. The results highlighted the Northeast states for the young American’s extra-lower vehicle ownership if the influences of all other factors are held constant. The cost of living and availability of transportation alternatives are possible reasons. Further, this study built separate models for young adults (25–34 years old) and three older age groups. The vehicle ownership correlates within the young adults are found to be generally consistent with the correlates among all adults. Among young adults, vehicle ownership is still significantly related to their gender, educational attainment, employment status, household characteristics, and travel demand. However, young adults’ vehicle ownership seems to be less sensitive to household income than mid-age adults’ (35–44 years old), perhaps because young people may not perceive financial stress such as child support and mortgage. This study contributes by using a spatial analysis approach to reveal the non-stationary correlates of vehicle ownership. This approach is useful for future travel behavior research and transportation policy considering the spatial heterogeneity.     

哈牡线季节性冻土接触网基础处理措施探讨

针对哈尔滨至牡丹江电气化改造工程季节性冻土分布的实际工程特点,结合季节性冻土条件下接触网基础的设计理念,对本项目选用的扩大型钢柱基础和不带扩底的拉线基础进行切向冻胀应力计算分析,并考虑影响切向冻胀力的水分、土质、负温以及基础侧表面的粗糙度等主要因素,提出了对钢柱基础采用换填加扩大型基础的处理措施,对接触网的下锚拉线基础提出了换填及加大埋深等防冻胀处理措施以抵抗季节性冻土的上拔力。     

凝水泵出口压力波动问题机理研究

针对某凝给水系统部分工况下出现的凝水泵出口压力波动问题开展相关研究工作,通过调研系统实际运行参数,采用数值仿真和理论计算进行分析,推导系统汽蚀余量特性方程,获取系统参数对凝水泵运行情况边界条件的影响,进而获取导致凝水泵出口压力波动的原因,并提出相应的控制措施。